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Sinais e Sistemas
Como estudar
Para o estudo da disciplina, são muito importantes as seguintes indicações:
- Estudar pelo menos 4 horas por semana,
todas as semanas, logo desde o início do semestre.
- Nessas 4 horas, começar por estudar a
matéria pelo livro de texto. O estudo não é apenas uma
leitura: é necessário compreender-se o que se estudou, e tomar-se nota das
dúvidas para as esclarecer junto dos docentes.
- Em seguida, resolver problemas, de tipos diferentes, sobre essa matéria.
Os problemas devem ser resolvidos
em trabalho autónomo. O resolver problemas em grupo é enganador:
os vários alunos vão dando ideias para a resolução do problema, e no final
todos pensam que teriam sido capazes de o resolver, mas na realidade, frequentemente, nenhum
teria sido capaz de o resolver sozinho.
Os docentes têm a noção de que a maioria dos alunos não está habituada a
estudar o livro de texto e de que não lhes agrada a ideia de fazerem trabalho autónomo. No entanto, esta é a única forma eficaz de estudar. Os alunos não
podem esperar bons resultados na disciplina se não estudarem todas as semanas,
se não estudarem o livro de texto e se não trabalharem de forma autónoma.
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As seguintes indicações, dadas aos alunos numa disciplina da Johns Hopkins University,
são também úteis:
-
You
are no longer in high school. The
great majority of you, not having done so already, will have to discard
high school notions of teaching and learning and replace them by
university-level notions. This may be difficult, but it must happen
sooner or later, so sooner is better. Our goal is more than just
getting you to reproduce what was told to you in the classroom.
-
Expect
to have material covered at two
to three times
the pace of high school. Above that, we aim for greater command of the
material, especially the ability to apply what you have learned to new
situations (when relevant).
-
Lecture
time is at a premium, so it must be used efficiently. You cannot be
“taught” everything in the classroom. It
is your
responsibility
to learn the material. Most
of this learning must take place outside
the
classroom. You should be willing to put in two hours outside
the classroom for each hour of class.
-
The
instructor’s job is primarily to provide a framework, with
some
of the
particulars, to guide you in doing your learning of the concepts and
methods that comprise the material of the course. It is not to
“program” you with isolated facts and problem types nor to monitor your
progress.
-
You
are expected to read the textbook for comprehension. It gives
the detailed account of the material of the course. It also contains
many examples of problems worked out, and these should be used to
supplement those you see in the lecture. The textbook is not a novel,
so the reading must often be slow-going and careful. However, there is
the clear advantage that you can read it at your own pace. Use pencil
and paper to work through the material and to fill in omitted steps.
-
As
for when
you
engage the textbook, you have the following dichotomy:
-
[recommended
for most students] Read
for the first time the appropriate section(s) of the book
before
the
material is presented in lecture. That is, come prepared for class.
Then the faster-paced college-style lecture will make more sense.
-
If you
haven’t looked at the book beforehand, try to pick up what you can from
the lecture (absorb the general idea and/or take thorough notes) and
count on sorting it out later while studying from the book outside of
class.
-
Exams
will consist largely of fresh problems that fall within the material
that is being tested.
As indicações acima constam deste
texto do Prof. Steven
Zucker, da Johns Hopkins University. É também útil ler este
texto
do mesmo autor.
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